Merge branch 'rh/ishes-doc'

We liberally use "committish" and "commit-ish" (and "treeish" and
"tree-ish"); as these are non-words, let's unify these terms to
their dashed form.  More importantly, clarify the documentation on
object peeling using these terms.

* rh/ishes-doc:
  glossary: fix and clarify the definition of 'ref'
  revisions.txt: fix and clarify <rev>^{<type>}
  glossary: more precise definition of tree-ish (a.k.a. treeish)
  use 'commit-ish' instead of 'committish'
  use 'tree-ish' instead of 'treeish'
  glossary: define commit-ish (a.k.a. committish)
  glossary: mention 'treeish' as an alternative to 'tree-ish'

30 files changed, 118 insertions, 83 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
index a0d24d127..f0cfd02d6 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.11.1
  * "git diff --no-index" did not work with pagers correctly.
 
  * "git diff COPYING HEAD:COPYING" gave a nonsense error message that
-   claimed that the treeish HEAD did not have COPYING in it.
+   claimed that the tree-ish HEAD did not have COPYING in it.
 
  * When "git log" gets "--simplify-merges/by-decoration" together with
    "--first-parent", the combination of these options makes the
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index f7334904d..44e787352 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ advice.*::
 	pushNeedsForce::
 		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
 		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
-		object that is not a committish, or make the remote
-		ref point at an object that is not a committish.
+		object that is not a commit-ish, or make the remote
+		ref point at an object that is not a commit-ish.
 	statusHints::
 		Show directions on how to proceed from the current
 		state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1], in
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
index 21cffe2bc..322f5ed31 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --textconv::
 	Show the content as transformed by a textconv filter. In this case,
-	<object> has be of the form <treeish>:<path>, or :<path> in order
+	<object> has be of the form <tree-ish>:<path>, or :<path> in order
 	to apply the filter to the content recorded in the index at <path>.
 
 --batch::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
index 9439cd6d5..d20ca402a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-describe.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-describe - Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <committish>...
+'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <commit-ish>...
 'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] --dirty[=<mark>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ see the -a and -s options to linkgit:git-tag[1].
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<committish>...::
-	Committish object names to describe.
+<commit-ish>...::
+	Commit-ish object names to describe.
 
 --dirty[=<mark>]::
 	Describe the working tree.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --candidates=<n>::
 	Instead of considering only the 10 most recent tags as
-	candidates to describe the input committish consider
+	candidates to describe the input commit-ish consider
 	up to <n> candidates.  Increasing <n> above 10 will take
 	slightly longer but may produce a more accurate result.
 	An <n> of 0 will cause only exact matches to be output.
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.
 SEARCH STRATEGY
 ---------------
 
-For each committish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for
+For each commit-ish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for
 a tag which tags exactly that commit.  Annotated tags will always
 be preferred over lightweight tags, and tags with newer dates will
 always be preferred over tags with older dates.  If an exact match
@@ -154,12 +154,12 @@ is found, its name will be output and searching will stop.
 If an exact match was not found, 'git describe' will walk back
 through the commit history to locate an ancestor commit which
 has been tagged.  The ancestor's tag will be output along with an
-abbreviation of the input committish's SHA-1. If '--first-parent' was
+abbreviation of the input commit-ish's SHA-1. If '--first-parent' was
 specified then the walk will only consider the first parent of each
 commit.
 
 If multiple tags were found during the walk then the tag which
-has the fewest commits different from the input committish will be
+has the fewest commits different from the input commit-ish will be
 selected and output.  Here fewest commits different is defined as
 the number of commits which would be shown by `git log tag..input`
 will be the smallest number of commits possible.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
index 4a9cc74d5..73f980638 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
@@ -380,8 +380,8 @@ change to the project.
 	('author' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF)?
 	'committer' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
 	data
-	('from' SP <committish> LF)?
-	('merge' SP <committish> LF)?
+	('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
+	('merge' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
 	(filemodify | filedelete | filecopy | filerename | filedeleteall | notemodify)*
 	LF?
 ....
@@ -460,9 +460,9 @@ as the current commit on that branch is automatically assumed to
 be the first ancestor of the new commit.
 
 As `LF` is not valid in a Git refname or SHA-1 expression, no
-quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<committish>`.
+quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<commit-ish>`.
 
-Here `<committish>` is any of the following:
+Here `<commit-ish>` is any of the following:
 
 * The name of an existing branch already in fast-import's internal branch
   table.  If fast-import doesn't know the name, it's treated as a SHA-1
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ additional ancestors (forming a 16-way merge).  For this reason
 it is suggested that frontends do not use more than 15 `merge`
 commands per commit; 16, if starting a new, empty branch.
 
-Here `<committish>` is any of the commit specification expressions
+Here `<commit-ish>` is any of the commit specification expressions
 also accepted by `from` (see above).
 
 `filemodify`
@@ -677,8 +677,8 @@ paths for a commit are encouraged to do so.
 `notemodify`
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Included in a `commit` `<notes_ref>` command to add a new note
-annotating a `<committish>` or change this annotation contents.
-Internally it is similar to filemodify 100644 on `<committish>`
+annotating a `<commit-ish>` or change this annotation contents.
+Internally it is similar to filemodify 100644 on `<commit-ish>`
 path (maybe split into subdirectories). It's not advised to
 use any other commands to write to the `<notes_ref>` tree except
 `filedeleteall` to delete all existing notes in this tree.
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ External data format::
 	commit that is to be annotated.
 +
 ....
-	'N' SP <dataref> SP <committish> LF
+	'N' SP <dataref> SP <commit-ish> LF
 ....
 +
 Here `<dataref>` can be either a mark reference (`:<idnum>`)
@@ -704,13 +704,13 @@ Inline data format::
 	command.
 +
 ....
-	'N' SP 'inline' SP <committish> LF
+	'N' SP 'inline' SP <commit-ish> LF
 	data
 ....
 +
 See below for a detailed description of the `data` command.
 
-In both formats `<committish>` is any of the commit specification
+In both formats `<commit-ish>` is any of the commit specification
 expressions also accepted by `from` (see above).
 
 `mark`
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ lightweight (non-annotated) tags see the `reset` command below.
 
 ....
 	'tag' SP <name> LF
-	'from' SP <committish> LF
+	'from' SP <commit-ish> LF
 	'tagger' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
 	data
 ....
@@ -786,11 +786,11 @@ branch from an existing commit without creating a new commit.
 
 ....
 	'reset' SP <ref> LF
-	('from' SP <committish> LF)?
+	('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
 	LF?
 ....
 
-For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<committish>` see above
+For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<commit-ish>` see above
 under `commit` and `from`.
 
 The `LF` after the command is optional (it used to be required).
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
index c5f84b649..58731c194 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads three treeish, and output trivial merge results and
+Reads three tree-ish, and output trivial merge results and
 conflicting stages to the standard output.  This is similar to
 what three-way 'git read-tree -m' does, but instead of storing the
 results in the index, the command outputs the entries to the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
index 15b00e099..ca28fb8e2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git name-rev' [--tags] [--refs=<pattern>]
-	       ( --all | --stdin | <committish>... )
+	       ( --all | --stdin | <commit-ish>... )
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt
index e2992f17a..9eec74091 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-push.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ already exists on the remote side.
 --follow-tags::
 	Push all the refs that would be pushed without this option,
 	and also push annotated tags in `refs/tags` that are missing
-	from the remote but are pointing at committish that are
+	from the remote but are pointing at commit-ish that are
 	reachable from the refs being pushed.
 
 --receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>::
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
index 9ac5088ac..7d54b77f3 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ couple of magic command line options:
 +
 ---------------------------------------------
 $ git describe -h
-usage: git describe [options] <committish>*
+usage: git describe [options] <commit-ish>*
    or: git describe [options] --dirty
 
     --contains            find the tag that comes after the commit
diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
index 13a64d3aa..e4706615b 100644
--- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
+++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
@@ -82,6 +82,18 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	to the top <<def_directory,directory>> of the stored
 	revision.
 
+[[def_commit-ish]]commit-ish (also committish)::
+	A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> or an
+	<<def_object,object>> that can be recursively dereferenced to
+	a commit object.
+	The following are all commit-ishes:
+	a commit object,
+	a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a commit
+	object,
+	a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a
+	commit object,
+	etc.
+
 [[def_core_git]]core Git::
 	Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited
 	source code management tools.
@@ -427,10 +439,20 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	to the result.
 
 [[def_ref]]ref::
-	A 40-byte hex representation of a <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>> or a name that
-	denotes a particular <<def_object,object>>. They may be stored in
-	a file under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` directory, or
-	in the `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` file.
+	A name that begins with `refs/` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
+	that points to an <<def_object_name,object name>> or another
+	ref (the latter is called a <<def_symref,symbolic ref>>).
+	For convenience, a ref can sometimes be abbreviated when used
+	as an argument to a Git command; see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]
+	for details.
+	Refs are stored in the <<def_repository,repository>>.
++
+The ref namespace is hierarchical.
+Different subhierarchies are used for different purposes (e.g. the
+`refs/heads/` hierarchy is used to represent local branches).
++
+There are a few special-purpose refs that do not begin with `refs/`.
+The most notable example is `HEAD`.
 
 [[def_reflog]]reflog::
 	A reflog shows the local "history" of a ref.  In other words,
@@ -530,10 +552,19 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	with refs to the associated blob and/or tree objects. A
 	<<def_tree,tree>> is equivalent to a <<def_directory,directory>>.
 
-[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish::
-	A <<def_ref,ref>> pointing to either a <<def_commit_object,commit
-	object>>, a <<def_tree_object,tree object>>, or a <<def_tag_object,tag
-	object>> pointing to a tag or commit or tree object.
+[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish (also treeish)::
+	A <<def_tree_object,tree object>> or an <<def_object,object>>
+	that can be recursively dereferenced to a tree object.
+	Dereferencing a <<def_commit_object,commit object>> yields the
+	tree object corresponding to the <<def_revision,revision>>'s
+	top <<def_directory,directory>>.
+	The following are all tree-ishes:
+	a <<def_commit-ish,commit-ish>>,
+	a tree object,
+	a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a tree object,
+	a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a tree
+	object,
+	etc.
 
 [[def_unmerged_index]]unmerged index::
 	An <<def_index,index>> which contains unmerged
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
index 0d5419e1a..85f69dbac 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ $ git pull . master
 Packing 0 objects
 Unpacking 0 objects
 
-* committish: e3a693c...	refs/heads/master from .
+* commit-ish: e3a693c...	refs/heads/master from .
 Trying to merge e3a693c... into 8c1f5f0... using 10d781b...
 Committed merge 7fb9b7262a1d1e0a47bbfdcbbcf50ce0635d3f8f
  cache.h        |    8 ++++----
diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt
index d477b3f6b..b0f4284cf 100644
--- a/Documentation/revisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt
@@ -111,10 +111,14 @@ some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8.
 
 '<rev>{caret}\{<type>\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}'::
   A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
-  brace pair means the object
-  could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
-  object of that type is found or the object cannot be
-  dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf).  '<rev>{caret}0'
+  brace pair means dereference the object at '<rev>' recursively until
+  an object of type '<type>' is found or the object cannot be
+  dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf).
+  For example, if '<rev>' is a commit-ish, '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'
+  describes the corresponding commit object.
+  Similarly, if '<rev>' is a tree-ish, '<rev>{caret}\{tree\}'
+  describes the corresponding tree object.
+  '<rev>{caret}0'
   is a short-hand for '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'.
 +
 'rev{caret}\{object\}' can be used to make sure 'rev' names an
diff --git a/builtin/describe.c b/builtin/describe.c
index c94e5c30d..b9d360370 100644
--- a/builtin/describe.c
+++ b/builtin/describe.c
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #define MAX_TAGS	(FLAG_BITS - 1)
 
 static const char * const describe_usage[] = {
-	N_("git describe [options] <committish>*"),
+	N_("git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"),
 	N_("git describe [options] --dirty"),
 	NULL
 };
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 		describe("HEAD", 1);
 	} else if (dirty) {
-		die(_("--dirty is incompatible with committishes"));
+		die(_("--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"));
 	} else {
 		while (argc-- > 0) {
 			describe(*argv++, argc == 0);
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index a8cf4a248..02a69c14e 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and
 	 * the way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD,
 	 * but some people might have misused the interface and used a
-	 * committish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
+	 * commit-ish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
 	 * Traditional format never would have "-m" so it is an
 	 * additional safety measure to check for it.
 	 */
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh b/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
index 7b922c394..a5e42a9f0 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ fi
 
 # This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and the
 # way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD, but some
-# people might have misused the interface and used a committish that
+# people might have misused the interface and used a commit-ish that
 # is the same as HEAD there instead.  Traditional format never would
 # have "-m" so it is an additional safety measure to check for it.
 
diff --git a/fast-import.c b/fast-import.c
index 21db3fc46..45c876486 100644
--- a/fast-import.c
+++ b/fast-import.c
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
     ('author' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf)?
     'committer' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf
     commit_msg
-    ('from' sp committish lf)?
-    ('merge' sp committish lf)*
+    ('from' sp commit-ish lf)?
+    ('merge' sp commit-ish lf)*
     (file_change | ls)*
     lf?;
   commit_msg ::= data;
@@ -43,18 +43,18 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
   file_obm ::= 'M' sp mode sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp path_str lf;
   file_inm ::= 'M' sp mode sp 'inline' sp path_str lf
     data;
-  note_obm ::= 'N' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp committish lf;
-  note_inm ::= 'N' sp 'inline' sp committish lf
+  note_obm ::= 'N' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp commit-ish lf;
+  note_inm ::= 'N' sp 'inline' sp commit-ish lf
     data;
 
   new_tag ::= 'tag' sp tag_str lf
-    'from' sp committish lf
+    'from' sp commit-ish lf
     ('tagger' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf)?
     tag_msg;
   tag_msg ::= data;
 
   reset_branch ::= 'reset' sp ref_str lf
-    ('from' sp committish lf)?
+    ('from' sp commit-ish lf)?
     lf?;
 
   checkpoint ::= 'checkpoint' lf
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
      # stream formatting is: \, " and LF.  Otherwise these values
      # are UTF8.
      #
-  committish  ::= (ref_str | hexsha1 | sha1exp_str | idnum);
+  commit-ish  ::= (ref_str | hexsha1 | sha1exp_str | idnum);
   ref_str     ::= ref;
   sha1exp_str ::= sha1exp;
   tag_str     ::= tag;
@@ -2494,7 +2494,7 @@ static void note_change_n(struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
 	assert(*p == ' ');
 	p++;  /* skip space */
 
-	/* <committish> */
+	/* <commit-ish> */
 	s = lookup_branch(p);
 	if (s) {
 		if (is_null_sha1(s->sha1))
@@ -2973,7 +2973,7 @@ static struct object_entry *dereference(struct object_entry *oe,
 	case OBJ_TAG:
 		break;
 	default:
-		die("Not a treeish: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		die("Not a tree-ish: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
 
 	if (oe->pack_id != MAX_PACK_ID) {	/* in a pack being written */
@@ -3057,7 +3057,7 @@ static void parse_ls(struct branch *b)
 	struct tree_entry *root = NULL;
 	struct tree_entry leaf = {NULL};
 
-	/* ls SP (<treeish> SP)? <path> */
+	/* ls SP (<tree-ish> SP)? <path> */
 	p = command_buf.buf + strlen("ls ");
 	if (*p == '"') {
 		if (!b)
diff --git a/git-cvsserver.perl b/git-cvsserver.perl
index a0d796e57..a9f6f8ebd 100755
--- a/git-cvsserver.perl
+++ b/git-cvsserver.perl
@@ -4338,7 +4338,7 @@ sub getAnyHead
 =head2 getRevisionDirMap
 
 A "revision dir map" contains all the plain-file filenames associated
-with a particular revision (treeish), organized by directory:
+with a particular revision (tree-ish), organized by directory:
 
   $type = $out->{$dir}{$fullName}
 
diff --git a/po/da.po b/po/da.po
index 20a88ea52..898b18d11 100644
--- a/po/da.po
+++ b/po/da.po
@@ -1674,7 +1674,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:77
diff --git a/po/de.po b/po/de.po
index f4076fb63..35a44b946 100644
--- a/po/de.po
+++ b/po/de.po
@@ -4684,8 +4684,8 @@ msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
 msgstr "gibt Größenangaben in menschenlesbaren Format aus"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
-msgstr "git describe [Optionen] <committish>*"
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [Optionen] <commit-ish>*"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:17
 msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
@@ -4822,7 +4822,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Keine Namen gefunden, kann nichts beschreiben."
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:489
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr "Die Option --dirty kann nicht mit Commits verwendet werden."
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
diff --git a/po/fr.po b/po/fr.po
index 2cdb6f93a..49e0ec14a 100644
--- a/po/fr.po
+++ b/po/fr.po
@@ -4291,7 +4291,7 @@ msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:15
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
@@ -4417,7 +4417,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:481
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
diff --git a/po/git.pot b/po/git.pot
index cf1e44633..c91e19752 100644
--- a/po/git.pot
+++ b/po/git.pot
@@ -4335,7 +4335,7 @@ msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:17
@@ -4465,7 +4465,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:489
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
diff --git a/po/it.po b/po/it.po
index fe61f1a3f..908021944 100644
--- a/po/it.po
+++ b/po/it.po
@@ -2476,7 +2476,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:77
diff --git a/po/nl.po b/po/nl.po
index e1399e2b6..ad31c66cd 100644
--- a/po/nl.po
+++ b/po/nl.po
@@ -1669,7 +1669,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:77
diff --git a/po/pt_PT.po b/po/pt_PT.po
index 517ec29a4..689ad1b0f 100644
--- a/po/pt_PT.po
+++ b/po/pt_PT.po
@@ -2312,7 +2312,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Nenhum nome encontrado, não descreve nada."
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:77
diff --git a/po/sv.po b/po/sv.po
index 12dfca92f..dcf579b8d 100644
--- a/po/sv.po
+++ b/po/sv.po
@@ -4560,7 +4560,7 @@ msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
 msgstr "skriv storlekar i människoläsbart format"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
 msgstr "git describe [flaggor] <incheckning-igt>*"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:17
@@ -4696,8 +4696,8 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Inga namn hittades, kan inte beskriva något."
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:489
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
-msgstr "--dirty är inkompatibelt med \"committish\"-värden"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty är inkompatibelt med \"commit-ish\"-värden"
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
 #, c-format
diff --git a/po/vi.po b/po/vi.po
index dd2d2a731..11b491279 100644
--- a/po/vi.po
+++ b/po/vi.po
@@ -4663,8 +4663,8 @@ msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
 msgstr "hiển thị kích cỡ theo định dạng dành cho người đọc"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
-msgstr "git describe [các-tùy-chọn] <committish>*"
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
+msgstr "git describe [các-tùy-chọn] <commit-ish>*"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:17
 msgid "git describe [options] --dirty"
@@ -4799,7 +4799,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "Không tìm thấy các tên, không thể mô tả gì cả."
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:489
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr "--dirty là xung khắc với các tùy chọn dành cho chuyển giao (commit)"
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
diff --git a/po/zh_CN.po b/po/zh_CN.po
index b7b46f14f..1a042af11 100644
--- a/po/zh_CN.po
+++ b/po/zh_CN.po
@@ -4562,7 +4562,7 @@ msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
 msgstr "以用户可读的格式显示大小"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:16
-msgid "git describe [options] <committish>*"
+msgid "git describe [options] <commit-ish>*"
 msgstr "git describe [选项] <提交号>*"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:17
@@ -4698,7 +4698,7 @@ msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr "没有发现名称，无法描述任何东西。"
 
 #: builtin/describe.c:489
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr "--dirty 不能与提交同时使用"
 
 #: builtin/diff.c:79
diff --git a/sha1_name.c b/sha1_name.c
index 65ad066d9..ad79d7b81 100644
--- a/sha1_name.c
+++ b/sha1_name.c
@@ -1130,13 +1130,13 @@ int get_sha1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 }
 
 /*
- * Many callers know that the user meant to name a committish by
+ * Many callers know that the user meant to name a commit-ish by
  * syntactical positions where the object name appears.  Calling this
  * function allows the machinery to disambiguate shorter-than-unique
- * abbreviated object names between committish and others.
+ * abbreviated object names between commit-ish and others.
  *
  * Note that this does NOT error out when the named object is not a
- * committish. It is merely to give a hint to the disambiguation
+ * commit-ish. It is merely to give a hint to the disambiguation
  * machinery.
  */
 int get_sha1_committish(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
diff --git a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
index 31a770d9b..88fc407ed 100755
--- a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
+++ b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
@@ -2864,14 +2864,14 @@ test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbage after sha1 dataref must fail' '
 '
 
 #
-# notemodify, mark in committish
+# notemodify, mark in commit-ish
 #
-test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbarge after mark committish must fail' '
+test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbarge after mark commit-ish must fail' '
 	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
 	commit refs/heads/Snotes
 	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 	data <<COMMIT
-	commit S note committish
+	commit S note commit-ish
 	COMMIT
 	N :202 :302x
 	EOF
diff --git a/test-match-trees.c b/test-match-trees.c
index a3c468877..2ef725e5f 100644
--- a/test-match-trees.c
+++ b/test-match-trees.c
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 		die("cannot parse %s as an object name", av[2]);
 	one = parse_tree_indirect(hash1);
 	if (!one)
-		die("not a treeish %s", av[1]);
+		die("not a tree-ish %s", av[1]);
 	two = parse_tree_indirect(hash2);
 	if (!two)
-		die("not a treeish %s", av[2]);
+		die("not a tree-ish %s", av[2]);
 
 	shift_tree(one->object.sha1, two->object.sha1, shifted, -1);
 	printf("shifted: %s\n", sha1_to_hex(shifted));