Teach the update-paranoid to look at file differences

In some applications of the update hook a user may be allowed to
modify a branch, but only if the file level difference is also an
allowed change.  This is the commonly requested feature of allowing
users to modify only certain files.

A new repository.*.allow syntax permits granting the three basic
file level operations:

  A: file is added relative to the other tree
  M: file exists in both trees, but its SHA-1 or mode differs
  D: file is removed relative to the other tree

on a per-branch and path-name basis.  The user must also have a
branch level allow line already granting them access to create,
rewind or update (CRU) that branch before the hook will consult
any file level rules.

In order for a branch change to succeed _all_ files that differ
relative to some base (by default the old value of this branch,
but it can also be any valid tree-ish) must be allowed by file
level allow rules.  A push is rejected if any diff exists that
is not covered by at least one allow rule.

Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

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