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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/git-push.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-push.txt | 271 |
1 files changed, 226 insertions, 45 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt index f8cc2b543..2653388fd 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt @@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects SYNOPSIS -------- -'git-push' [--all] [--tags] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--repo=all] [-f | --force] [-v] [<repository> <refspec>...] +[verse] +'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] + [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-v | --verbose] + [<repository> <refspec>...] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -18,87 +21,266 @@ necessary to complete the given refs. You can make interesting things happen to a repository every time you push into it, by setting up 'hooks' there. See -documentation for gitlink:git-receive-pack[1]. +documentation for linkgit:git-receive-pack[1]. -OPTIONS -------- +OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]] +------------------ <repository>:: The "remote" repository that is destination of a push - operation. See the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below. + operation. This parameter can be either a URL + (see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name + of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below). -<refspec>:: - The canonical format of a <refspec> parameter is - `+?<src>:<dst>`; that is, an optional plus `+`, followed - by the source ref, followed by a colon `:`, followed by - the destination ref. +<refspec>...:: + The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus + `{plus}`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed + by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>. + It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref + in the remote repository is to be updated. + -The <src> side can be an -arbitrary "SHA1 expression" that can be used as an -argument to `git-cat-file -t`. E.g. `master~4` (push -four parents before the current master head). +The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but +it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or +`HEAD` (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]). + -The local ref that matches <src> is used -to fast forward the remote ref that matches <dst>. If -the optional plus `+` is used, the remote ref is updated -even if it does not result in a fast forward update. +The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this +push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must +be named. If `:`<dst> is omitted, the same ref as <src> will be +updated. + -Note: If no explicit refspec is found, (that is neither -on the command line nor in any Push line of the -corresponding remotes file---see below), then all the -refs that exist both on the local side and on the remote -side are updated. +The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference +on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the +update can fast forward <dst>. By having the optional leading `{plus}`, +you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a +fast forward. This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>. See +EXAMPLES below for details. + `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`. + -A parameter <ref> without a colon is equivalent to -<ref>`:`<ref>, hence updates <ref> in the destination from <ref> -in the source. -+ Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from the remote repository. ++ +The special refspec `:` (or `{plus}:` to allow non-fast forward updates) +directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on +the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name +already exists on the remote side. This is the default operation mode +if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line +nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below). + +--all:: + Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all + refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/` be pushed. -\--all:: +--mirror:: Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all - refs be pushed. + refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` (which includes but is not + limited to `refs/heads/`, `refs/remotes/`, and `refs/tags/`) + be mirrored to the remote repository. Newly created local + refs will be pushed to the remote end, locally updated refs + will be force updated on the remote end, and deleted refs + will be removed from the remote end. This is the default + if the configuration option `remote.<remote>.mirror` is + set. + +--dry-run:: + Do everything except actually send the updates. + +--porcelain:: + Produce machine-readable output. The output status line for each ref + will be tab-separated and sent to stdout instead of stderr. The full + symbolic names of the refs will be given. -\--tags:: +--tags:: All refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags` are pushed, in addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command line. -\--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>:: +--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>:: +--exec=<git-receive-pack>:: Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote end. Sometimes useful when pushing to a remote repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in a directory on the default $PATH. -\--exec=<git-receive-pack>:: - Same as \--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>. - --f, \--force:: +-f:: +--force:: Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is - not a descendant of the local ref used to overwrite it. + not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it. This flag disables the check. This can cause the remote repository to lose commits; use it with care. -\--repo=<repo>:: - When no repository is specified the command defaults to - "origin"; this overrides it. +--repo=<repository>:: + This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is + passed in the invocation. In this case, 'git-push' derives the + remote name from the current branch: If it tracks a remote + branch, then that remote repository is pushed to. Otherwise, + the name "origin" is used. For this latter case, this option + can be used to override the name "origin". In other words, + the difference between these two commands ++ +-------------------------- +git push public #1 +git push --repo=public #2 +-------------------------- ++ +is that #1 always pushes to "public" whereas #2 pushes to "public" +only if the current branch does not track a remote branch. This is +useful if you write an alias or script around 'git-push'. -\--thin, \--no-thin:: - These options are passed to `git-send-pack`. Thin +--thin:: +--no-thin:: + These options are passed to 'git-send-pack'. Thin transfer spends extra cycles to minimize the number of objects to be sent and meant to be used on slower connection. -v:: +--verbose:: Run verbosely. -include::urls.txt[] +include::urls-remotes.txt[] + +OUTPUT +------ + +The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this +section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either +locally or via ssh). + +The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line +representing the status of a single ref. Each line is of the form: + +------------------------------- + <flag> <summary> <from> -> <to> (<reason>) +------------------------------- + +If --porcelain is used, then each line of the output is of the form: + +------------------------------- + <flag> \t <from>:<to> \t <summary> (<reason>) +------------------------------- + +flag:: + A single character indicating the status of the ref. This is + blank for a successfully pushed ref, `!` for a ref that was + rejected or failed to push, and '=' for a ref that was up to + date and did not need pushing (note that the status of up to + date refs is shown only when `git push` is running verbosely). + +summary:: + For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new + values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to + `git log` (this is `<old>..<new>` in most cases, and + `<old>...<new>` for forced non-fast forward updates). For a + failed update, more details are given for the failure. + The string `rejected` indicates that git did not try to send the + ref at all (typically because it is not a fast forward). The + string `remote rejected` indicates that the remote end refused + the update; this rejection is typically caused by a hook on the + remote side. The string `remote failure` indicates that the + remote end did not report the successful update of the ref + (perhaps because of a temporary error on the remote side, a + break in the network connection, or other transient error). + +from:: + The name of the local ref being pushed, minus its + `refs/<type>/` prefix. In the case of deletion, the + name of the local ref is omitted. + +to:: + The name of the remote ref being updated, minus its + `refs/<type>/` prefix. + +reason:: + A human-readable explanation. In the case of successfully pushed + refs, no explanation is needed. For a failed ref, the reason for + failure is described. + +Examples +-------- + +git push:: + Works like `git push <remote>`, where <remote> is the + current branch's remote (or `origin`, if no remote is + configured for the current branch). + +git push origin:: + Without additional configuration, works like + `git push origin :`. ++ +The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can be +configured by setting the `push` option of the remote. ++ +For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to `origin` +use `git config remote.origin.push HEAD`. Any valid <refspec> (like +the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for +`git push origin`. + +git push origin ::: + Push "matching" branches to `origin`. See + <refspec> in the <<OPTIONS,OPTIONS>> section above for a + description of "matching" branches. + +git push origin master:: + Find a ref that matches `master` in the source repository + (most likely, it would find `refs/heads/master`), and update + the same ref (e.g. `refs/heads/master`) in `origin` repository + with it. If `master` did not exist remotely, it would be + created. + +git push origin HEAD:: + A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the + remote. + +git push origin master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev:: + Use the source ref that matches `master` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`) + to update the ref that matches `satellite/master` (most probably + `refs/remotes/satellite/master`) in the `origin` repository, then + do the same for `dev` and `satellite/dev`. + +git push origin HEAD:master:: + Push the current branch to the remote ref matching `master` in the + `origin` repository. This form is convenient to push the current + branch without thinking about its local name. + +git push origin master:refs/heads/experimental:: + Create the branch `experimental` in the `origin` repository + by copying the current `master` branch. This form is only + needed to create a new branch or tag in the remote repository when + the local name and the remote name are different; otherwise, + the ref name on its own will work. + +git push origin :experimental:: + Find a ref that matches `experimental` in the `origin` repository + (e.g. `refs/heads/experimental`), and delete it. + +git push origin {plus}dev:master:: + Update the origin repository's master branch with the dev branch, + allowing non-fast forward updates. *This can leave unreferenced + commits dangling in the origin repository.* Consider the + following situation, where a fast forward is not possible: ++ +---- + o---o---o---A---B origin/master + \ + X---Y---Z dev +---- ++ +The above command would change the origin repository to ++ +---- + A---B (unnamed branch) + / + o---o---o---X---Y---Z master +---- ++ +Commits A and B would no longer belong to a branch with a symbolic name, +and so would be unreachable. As such, these commits would be removed by +a `git gc` command on the origin repository. + Author ------ -Written by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>, later rewritten in C +Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>, later rewritten in C by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> Documentation @@ -107,5 +289,4 @@ Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. GIT --- -Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite - +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite |